Results for 'Robert C. Culley'

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  1.  54
    Structural Analysis: Is it Done with Mirrors?Robert C. Culley - 1974 - Interpretation 28 (2):165-181.
    The occurrence of these two kinds of stories in the narrative tradition sets out two modes of response to crises : Yahweh moving from his position of strength to save the situation by supernatural action and human beings moving from their position of weakness to save the situation as best they can with various acts of deception.
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  2.  48
    (1 other version)Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology.Robert C. Richardson - 2007 - Bradford.
    Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like other organisms, we exhibit traits that are the product of natural selection. Our psychological capacities are evolved traits as much as are our gait and posture. This much few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming that our psychological traits -- including a wide variety of traits, from mate preference and jealousy to language and reason -- can be understood as specific adaptations to ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In (...)
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  3. Functionalism and reductionism.Robert C. Richardson - 1979 - Philosophy of Science 46 (4):533-58.
    It is here argued that functionalist constraints on psychology do not preclude the applicability of classic forms of reduction and, therefore, do not support claims to a principled, or de jure, autonomy of psychology. In Part I, after isolating one minimal restriction any functionalist theory must impose on its categories, it is shown that any functionalism imposing an additional constraint of de facto autonomy must also be committed to a pure functionalist--that is, a computationalist--model for psychology. Using an extended parallel (...)
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  4. Forgivingness.Robert C. Roberts - 1995 - American Philosophical Quarterly 32 (4):289 - 306.
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  5.  98
    Realism Regained: An Exact Theory of Causation, Teleology, and the Mind.Robert C. Koons - 2000 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    In this wide-ranging philosophical work, Koons takes on two powerful dogmas--anti-realism and materialism.
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  6.  20
    Moscow and Chinese Communists.E. H. S. & Robert C. North - 1962 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 82 (4):617.
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  7. Poverty of the Stimulus Revisited.Robert C. Berwick, Paul Pietroski, Beracah Yankama & Noam Chomsky - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (7):1207-1242.
    A central goal of modern generative grammar has been to discover invariant properties of human languages that reflect “the innate schematism of mind that is applied to the data of experience” and that “might reasonably be attributed to the organism itself as its contribution to the task of the acquisition of knowledge” (Chomsky, 1971). Candidates for such invariances include the structure dependence of grammatical rules, and in particular, certain constraints on question formation. Various “poverty of stimulus” (POS) arguments suggest that (...)
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  8. The 'scandal' of cartesian interactionism.Robert C. Richardson - 1982 - Mind 91 (January):20-37.
  9. Cosmic Gratitude.Robert C. Roberts - 2014 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 6 (3):65--83.
    Classically, gratitude is a tri-polar construal, logically ordering a benefactor, a benefice, and a beneficiary in a favour-giving-receiving situation. Grammatically, the poles are distinguished and bound together by the prepositions ”to’ and ”for’; so I call this classic concept ”to-for’ gratitude. Classic religious gratitude follows this schema, with God as the benefactor. Such gratitude, when felt, is a religious experience, and a reliable readiness or ”habit’ of such construal is a religious virtue. However, atheists have sometimes felt an urge or (...)
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  10. Multiple realization and methodological pluralism.Robert C. Richardson - 2009 - Synthese 167 (3):473-492.
    Multiple realization was once taken to be a challenge to reductionist visions, especially within cognitive science, and a foundation of the “antireductionist consensus.” More recently, multiple realization has come to be challenged on naturalistic grounds, as well as on more “metaphysical” grounds. Within cognitive science, one focal issue concerns the role of neural plasticity for addressing these issues. If reorganization maintains the same cognitive functions, that supports claims for multiple realization. I take up the reorganization involved in language dysfunctions to (...)
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  11.  77
    What Is Wrong with Wicked Feelings?Robert C. Roberts - 1991 - American Philosophical Quarterly 28 (1):13 - 24.
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  12. How not to reduce a functional psychology.Robert C. Richardson - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (1):125-37.
    There is often substantial disparity between philosophical ideals and scientific practice. Philosophical reductionism is motivated by a drive for ontological austerity. The vehicle is conceptual parsimony: the fewer our conceptual primitives, the less are our ontological commitments. A general moral to be drawn from my “Functionalism and Reductionism” is that scientific reduction does not, and should not be expected to, facilitate conceptual economy; yet reduction it still is, and in the classical mold. Those who press for the irreducibility of a (...)
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  13. The Vice of Pride.Robert C. Roberts - 2009 - Faith and Philosophy 26 (2):119-133.
    This paper clarifies the vice of pride by distinguishing it from emotions that are symptomatic of it and from virtuous dispositions that go by the same name, by identifying the disposition (humility) that is its virtue-counterpart, and by distinguishing its kinds. The analysis is aided by the conception of emotions as concern-based construals and the idea that pride can be a dispositional concern of a particular type or family of types.
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  14.  54
    A Defense of Propensity Interpretations of Fitness.Robert C. Richardson & Richard M. Burian - 1992 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:349 - 362.
    We offer a systematic examination of propensity interpretations of fitness, which emphasizes the role that fitness plays in evolutionary theory and takes seriously the probabilistic character of evolutionary change. We distinguish questions of the probabilistic character of fitness from the particular interpretations of probability which could be incorporated. The roles of selection and drift in evolutionary models support the view that fitness must be understood within a probabilistic framework, and the specific character of organism/environment interactions supports the conclusion that fitness (...)
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  15.  35
    The Moral Psychology of the Virtues.Robert C. Roberts - 1986 - Philosophical Review 95 (4):636.
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  16. (1 other version)On What Possible Worlds Could Not Be.Robert C. Stalnaker - 1996 - In Adam Morton & Stephen P. Stich, Benacerraf and His Critics. Blackwell.
  17. Biology and ideology: The interpenetration of science and values.Robert C. Richardson - 1984 - Philosophy of Science 51 (3):396-420.
    The mutual influence of science and values in biology is exhibited in several cases from the biological literature. It is argued in a number of cases, from R. A. Fisher's argument for the optimality of a 50:50 sex ratio to A. Jensen's defense of a genetic basis for intelligence, and including work on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and muted aggression, that the credence accorded the views is disproportionate with their theoretical and empirical warrant. It is, furthermore, suggested that the (...)
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  18. Justice as an Emotion Disposition.Robert C. Roberts - 2010 - Emotion Review 2 (1):36-43.
    In this tribute to the work of Robert Solomon, I address a topic that occupied him frequently in the last 20 years of his life, and about which he wrote a book and several articles: the relation(s) between the emotions and justice as a personal virtue. I hope to clarify Solomon’s views using three distinctions that seem implicit in his writings, among (1) justice as general virtue and justice as a particular virtue, (2) objective justice and justice as a (...)
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  19. Emotions as JudgmentsThe Therapy of Desire.Robert C. Roberts & Martha C. Nussbaum - 1999 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59 (3):793.
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  20.  71
    Emotional Consciousness and Personal Relationships.Robert C. Roberts - 2009 - Emotion Review 1 (3):281-288.
    Three kinds of emotional consciousness are distinguished in this article: feeling awareness, intellectual awareness, and bare awareness. All are important to three moral properties that emotions may have: epistemic, practical, and relational. The bulk of this article is devoted to the third dimension of moral value, that emotions are constitutive of personal relationships such as friendship, enmity, good and bad parenthood, and collegiality. The conception of emotions as concern-based construals (Roberts, 2003) is put to work to explain how felt and (...)
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  21.  58
    Joys.Robert C. Roberts - 2019 - Faith and Philosophy 36 (2):195-222.
    This paper is an initial effort preparatory for a more thorough “theology of joys.” I distinguish joys from other kinds of pleasure and argue that joy can be seen as the form of all the so-called positive emotions. So joy is properly treated in the plural: joys come in a variety of kinds. I distinguish canonical from non-canonical joys. The worthiness of joys is primarily a function of their objects—what the joys are about. I look at a few examples of (...)
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  22. Restricted range in epistemic logic.Robert C. Sleigh - 1972 - Journal of Philosophy 69 (3):67-77.
  23. Emotions, Character, and Associationist Psychology.Robert C. Roberts & Adam C. Pelser - 2017 - Journal of Moral Philosophy 14 (6):623-645.
    _ Source: _Page Count 23 Emotions are pivotal in the manifestation and functioning of character traits. Traits such as virtues and vices involve emotions in diverse but connected ways. Some virtues are exemplified, in important part, by feeling emotions. Others are exemplified in managing, bypassing, or even eliminating emotions. And one virtue at least is exemplified in _not_-feeling a certain range of emotions. Emotions are a kind of perceptual state, namely _construal_, involving concern or caring about something, in which the (...)
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  24.  77
    The organism in development.Robert C. Richardson - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (3):321.
    Developmental biology has resurfaced in recent years, often without a clearly central role for the organism. The organism is pulled in divergent directions: on the one hand, there is an important body of work that emphasizes the role of the gene in development, as executing and controlling embryological change; on the other hand, there are more theoretical approaches under which the organism disappears as little more than an instance for testing biological generalizations. I press here for the ineliminability of the (...)
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  25. Intentional realism or intentional instrumentalism?Robert C. Richardson - 1980 - Cognition and Brain Theory 3:125-35.
  26. Solomon on the control of emotions.Robert C. Roberts - 1984 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44 (March):395-404.
  27. Truth and meaning.Robert C. Cummins - 2002 - In Joseph Keim-Campbell, Michael O'Rourke & David Shier, Meaning and Truth: Investigations in Philosophical Semantics. Seven Bridges Press. pp. 175-197.
    D O N A L D D AV I D S O N’S “ Meaning and Truth,” re vo l u t i o n i zed our conception of how truth and meaning are related (Davidson    ). In that famous art i c l e , Davidson put forw a rd the bold conjecture that meanings are satisfaction conditions, and that a Tarskian theory of truth for a language is a theory of meaning for that language. (...)
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  28. Feeling one's emotions and knowing oneself.Robert C. Roberts - 1995 - Philosophical Studies 77 (2-3):319-38.
  29. Global Environmental Justice.Robert C. Robinson - 2018 - Choice 55 (8).
    The term “environmental justice” carries with it a sort of ambiguity. On the one hand, it refers to a movement of social activism in which those involved fight and argue for fairer, more equitable distribution of environmental goods and equal treatment of environmental duties. This movement is related to, and ideally informed by, the second use of the term, which refers to the academic discipline associated with legal regulations and theories of justice and ethics with regard to sustainability, the environment, (...)
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  30. Natural and artificial complexity.Robert C. Richardson - 1997 - Philosophy of Science 64 (4):267.
    Genetic regulatory networks are complex, involving tens or hundreds of genes and scores of proteins with varying dependencies and organizations. This invites the application of artificial techniques in coming to understand natural complexity. I describe two attempts to deploy artificial models in understanding natural complexity. The first abstracts from empirically established patterns, favoring random architectures and very general constraints, in an attempt to model developmental phenomena. The second incorporates detailed information concerning the genetic structure, organization, and dependencies in actual systems (...)
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  31. The "tally argument" and the validation of psychoanalysis.Robert C. Richardson - 1990 - Philosophy of Science 57 (4):668-676.
    The classic charge against Freudian theory is that the therapeutic success of psychoanalysis can be explained without appeal to the mechanisms of repression and insight. Whatever therapeutic success psychoanalysis might enjoy would then provide no support for the diagnostic claim that psychological disorders are due to repressed desires or for the therapeutic claim that the gains in psychoanalysis are due to insight into repressed causes. Adolf Grünbaum has repeated the charge in The Foundations of Psychoanalysis (1984), arguing that Freud's response (...)
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  32.  19
    Heuristics and Satisficing.Robert C. Richardson - 1998 - In George Graham & William Bechtel, A Companion to Cognitive Science. Blackwell. pp. 566–575.
    Bounded rationality is a fundamental feature of cognition. We make choices between alternatives in light of our goals, relying on incomplete information and limited resources. As a consequence, PROBLEM SOLVING cannot be exhaustive: we cannot explore all the possibilities which confront us, and search must be constrained in ways that facilitate search efficiency even at the expense of search effectiveness. If we think of problem solving as a search through the space of possibilities as it was conceptualized by Allen Newell (...)
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  33. An Evolutionary Explanation of Self-Deception.Robert C. Robinson - 2007 - Falsafeh 35 (3).
    Abstract: In Chapter 4 of his "Self-Deception Unmasked" (SDU), Al Mele considers several (attempted) empirical demonstrations of self-deception. These empirical demonstrations work under the conception of what Mele refers to as the 'dual-belief requirement', in which an agent simultaneously holds a belief p and a belief ~p. Toward the end of this chapter, Mele considers the argument of one biologist and anthropologist, Robert Trivers, who describes what he takes to be an evolutionary explanation for coming to form false beliefs. (...)
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  34.  60
    Union and interaction of body and soul.Robert C. Richardson - 1985 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 23 (2):221-226.
  35. Doing Ethics: Moral Reasoning, Theory, and Contemporary Issues, 6th edition, by Lewis Vaughn.Robert C. Robinson - 2022 - Teaching Philosophy 45 (4):525-529.
  36. A Concise Introduction to Logic, 12th edition, by Patrick Hurley.Robert C. Robinson - 2015 - Teaching Philosophy 38 (1):132-136.
  37.  31
    Constant Enough: On the Kinds of Perceptual Constancy Worth Having.Robert C. Russell - 2012 - In Gary Hatfield & Sarah Allred, Visual Experience: Sensation, Cognition, and Constancy. Oxford University Press. pp. 87.
  38.  69
    The Binding of Abraham: Levinas’s Moment in Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling.Robert C. Reed - 2017 - Sophia 56 (1):81-98.
    Most readings of Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling take its account of the Abraham and Isaac story to imply fairly obviously that duty towards God is absolutely distinct from, and therefore capable of superseding, duty towards neighbor or son. This paper will argue, however, that the Akedah, or ‘binding’ of Isaac, as Kierkegaard’s pseudonym, Johannes de Silentio, depicts it, binds Abraham to Isaac in a revitalized neighbor relation that is not at all subordinate, in any simple way, to Abraham’s God-relation. The (...)
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  39.  67
    Purpose, Argument Fields, and Theoretical Justification.Robert C. Rowland - 2008 - Argumentation 22 (2):235-250.
    Twenty-five years ago, field theory was among the most contested issues in argumentation studies. Today, the situation is very different. In fact, field theory has almost disappeared from disciplinary debates, a development which might suggest that the concept is not a useful aspect of argumentation theory. In contrast, I argue that while field studies are rarely useful, field theory provides an essential underpinning to any close analysis of an argumentative controversy. I then argue that the conflicting approaches to argument fields (...)
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  40.  74
    Bounded epistemology.Robert C. Robinson - 2006 - Ssrn Elibrary.
    Game theory is a branch of economics that uses powerful mathematical models to predict what agents ought to do when interacting with other agents strategically. Bounded rationality is a sub-field of game theory that sets out to explain why, in some interesting cases, people don't act according their utility maximizing strategies, as described by game theory. Interactive Epistemology is formal tool used by Game Theorists and computer scientists to model interactive cases of knowledge. This interesting and useful tool has been (...)
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  41. Aristotle's Formal Identity of Intellect and Object: A Solution to the Problem of Modal Epistemology.Robert C. Koons - 2019 - Ancient Philosophy Today 1 (1):84-107.
    In De Anima Book III, Aristotle subscribed to a theory of formal identity between the human mind and the extra-mental objects of our understanding. This has been one of the most controversial featu...
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  42. A Defense of the Maximin Principle in Rawls' Theory of Justice.Robert C. Robinson - 2009 - Humanity and Social Science Journal 4 (2):175-179.
    In his celebrated work, A Theory of Justice (1971), John Rawls argues that, from behind the veil of ignorance, parties in the original position will employ the maximin decision rule to reason to his two principles of justice. In this journal, Olatunji Oyeshile offers a brief and concise outline of some of the historical criticisms of that argument. Oyeshile offers two important criticisms of Rawls' argument. Both, however, are somewhat misplaced, as I shall show. First, he claims that decision theory (...)
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  43.  68
    Corporations and Justice.Robert C. Hughes & Alan Strudler - 2019 - Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    For the past half century, there has been a large controversy within academic business ethics, in legal scholarship, and in the larger public about the role that corporations should have in addressing social injustices. Do corporations have a moral obligation to conduct business in a way that reduces poverty, racial inequality, other unjust economic and social inequalities, and unjust threats to the environment? Or should for-profit corporations focus on making money and leave solutions of these social problems to governments, nonprofit (...)
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  44.  79
    Free will in absentia: Dennett on free will and determinism.Robert C. Bishop - 2003 - Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 23 (2):168-183.
    Mark Crooks has given a helpful discussion of Daniel Dennett's "philosophical abolition of mind," adding to the list of reasons why many philosophers jokingly say Dennett should have titled his 1991 book "Consciousness Explained Away". As Crooks argues, Dennett really is committed 'to our phenomenal experience, beliefs, desires, etc. as all being illusory in the strongest possible sense. Yet, when it comes to free will, Dennett fights hard to maintain that free will is something more than an illusion, that it (...)
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  45.  91
    Virtues and the Atonement of Christ.Robert C. Roberts - 2002 - Faith and Philosophy 19 (3):275-290.
    What is the relation between the perfection that Christians have in Christ, by dint of his substitutionary Atonement for sinners, and the virtues to which we are called as believers? How does the Atonement affect the moral life of Christians and how are we to understand our virtues in the light of what God has done for us in Christ? This paper identifies three interactions between the Atonement and our virtues: the generative aspect, the dual attitude aspect, and the pervasion (...)
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  46.  14
    Language, Thought, and Communication.Robert C. Richardson - 1986 - In William Bechtel, Integrating Scientific Disciplines. University of Chicago Press. pp. 263--283.
  47.  42
    Optimization in Evolutionary Ecology.Robert C. Richardson - 1994 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1994:13 - 21.
    Optimization models treat natural selection as a process tending to produce maximal adaptedness to the environment, measured on some "criterion scale" defining the optimal phenotype. These models are descriptively adequate if they describe the outcomes of evolutionary processes. They are dynamically adequate if the variables which describe the outcomes also are responsible for those evolutionary outcomes. Optimality models can be descriptively adequate, but dynamically unrealistic. Relying on cases from evolutionary ecology, I provide reasons to question the dynamic adequacy of optimality (...)
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  48. Reduction.Robert C. Richardson - 2002 - In Lynn Nadel, Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Macmillan.
  49.  22
    Reductionist Research Programmes in Psychology.Robert C. Richardson - 1980 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1980:171 - 183.
    Reductionist research programmes in psychology, and elsewhere, are typified by a number of research strategies and methodological assumptions. The current essay isolates and examines some typical reductionist assumptions as they have been embodied in psychological research. Through a brief examination of the use of lesion studies coupled with functional deficit analyses, it is argued that localizationist approaches to the study of brain function incorporate at least four interlocking hypotheses. Two of the hypotheses are examined in detail. It is urged that (...)
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  50.  56
    Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing: A Brief Guide to Argument, by Sylvan Barnet, Hugo Bedau, and John O’Hara.Robert C. Robinson - 2017 - Teaching Philosophy 40 (4):493-495.
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